1
00:00:43,08 --> 00:00:48,69
Any truth to the night

2
00:00:48,69 --> 00:00:58,47
that I will

3
00:00:58,48 --> 00:01:05,26
wait a day and.

4
00:02:29,82 --> 00:02:34,79
The nation's history is a record of
unreal victory in a saga of wars waged

5
00:02:34,79 --> 00:02:38,76
and battles won its greatness
lies in glowing furnaces

6
00:02:38,76 --> 00:02:42,43
and smoking stacks in skilled
labor inventive genius

7
00:02:43,20 --> 00:02:46,56
and the spirit of enterprise
that is so typical of America

8
00:02:47,59 --> 00:02:48,77
and typical of the steel industry.

9
00:02:49,22 --> 00:02:53,58
Literally the backbone of a
thousand industries is a panorama

10
00:02:53,58 --> 00:02:57,91
that reveals the magnitude of any one of
the major mills where the manufacture of

11
00:02:57,91 --> 00:03:04,00
steel involves a tremendous investment
here before a worker can be given a job.

12
00:03:04,01 --> 00:03:08,32
The company by which he is employed has to
Navarette just more than eleven thousand

13
00:03:08,32 --> 00:03:12,55
dollars for each man employed and
that does not include wages.

14
00:03:13,71 --> 00:03:18,64
Incidentally no one unusual feature of
this industrial scene which would not be

15
00:03:18,64 --> 00:03:23,64
found in any other country in the world.
The automobiles are of work in the mills.

16
00:03:24,11 --> 00:03:27,86
Men who are now read right in
the history of the industry.

17
00:03:27,88 --> 00:03:32,56
Into such a center of activity the raw
materials are poured from train and shipped.

18
00:03:33,13 --> 00:03:35,45
Thousands of tons of coal
aid for the blast furnaces.

19
00:03:35,99 --> 00:03:37,58
Mountains of iron ore

20
00:03:37,58 --> 00:03:44,58
and vast quantities of limestone they are
charging a furnace all from which the

21
00:03:44,58 --> 00:03:45,63
iron is to be belted.

22
00:03:45,97 --> 00:03:51,05
Cook to provide an intense heat in the
base of the furnace as a super heated air

23
00:03:51,05 --> 00:03:55,94
blast passes through it line stone
to flux the impurities from the are

24
00:03:58,16 --> 00:03:59,95
up to the top goes the laden Larry.

25
00:04:00,00 --> 00:04:01,44
To feed one of these giants

26
00:04:01,44 --> 00:04:07,26
that may eat up as much as three thousand
tons of solid raw materials a day.

27
00:04:08,26 --> 00:04:12,70
Now they are preparing to tap a furnace at
the base where they may draw off as much

28
00:04:12,70 --> 00:04:15,91
as one hundred tons of
molten iron at a time.

29
00:04:17,54 --> 00:04:20,14
And oxygen talks burns
into a clay plug hole

30
00:04:20,93 --> 00:04:24,64
but no chance for injury on
this job that has best the suit

31
00:04:24,64 --> 00:04:29,16
and helmet would protect the
any stray spark so spatters.

32
00:04:30,63 --> 00:04:36,58
Are thin stream of metal begins to flow
blowing liquid iron the stream swells in

33
00:04:36,58 --> 00:04:39,40
volume a fiery river if you ever saw one.

34
00:04:40,04 --> 00:04:44,06
But you as an uninitiated onlooker
could not be expected to know

35
00:04:44,06 --> 00:04:47,13
that these men in charge
of very much in command.

36
00:04:47,48 --> 00:04:51,40
With modern mechanical devices and
highly developed safety measures

37
00:04:51,40 --> 00:04:56,34
that enable them to control the flowing
metal with less danger to themselves than

38
00:04:56,34 --> 00:04:59,06
you face every day in your
home or on the street.

39
00:05:00,13 --> 00:05:04,83
Today the M M steel mill is a safer place
to work as any industrial establishment

40
00:05:05,67 --> 00:05:11,12
in fact company after company has prided
itself on winning safety trophies which

41
00:05:11,12 --> 00:05:14,99
stand for a prolonged period
without a single serious accident.

42
00:05:15,64 --> 00:05:18,77
A sample of the metal will
be cast into a small block

43
00:05:18,77 --> 00:05:22,93
and cooled for a quick analysis by the
metallurgical laboratory to check its

44
00:05:22,93 --> 00:05:24,35
quality.

45
00:05:24,36 --> 00:05:28,88
Meanwhile the flaming river is directed
through channels which lead to the edge of

46
00:05:28,88 --> 00:05:33,10
the capping floor where it spills into
a huge ladles resting on flat cars.

47
00:05:33,67 --> 00:05:38,65
Ladle after a ladle is filled until finally
the laden train is on its way across

48
00:05:38,65 --> 00:05:43,53
the yard to its destination the steel
making departments where the molten iron in

49
00:05:43,53 --> 00:05:48,92
the ladles will be poured into a large
container called a mixer holding many tons.

50
00:05:48,94 --> 00:05:50,53
And here are kept hot so

51
00:05:50,53 --> 00:05:54,82
that it can be used in its modern state
in one of the three major processes in

52
00:05:54,82 --> 00:05:58,89
making steel.

53
00:06:02,09 --> 00:06:06,40
Of these the Bessemer converter process
is the oldest for producing a tonnage

54
00:06:06,40 --> 00:06:09,67
product available at low cost
for a multitude of uses.

55
00:06:10,22 --> 00:06:14,91
Here stand the operators in
safety behind shatterproof glass.

56
00:06:14,92 --> 00:06:20,07
Number three is going to pour one of the
monsters like a huge egg with the top

57
00:06:20,07 --> 00:06:22,60
sliced off tips over on its trunnions

58
00:06:22,60 --> 00:06:27,32
and pours into a ladle it's a load of
steel that glows like the some set

59
00:06:27,32 --> 00:06:30,85
and shoot to millions of sparks
through the dim tracery of girders

60
00:06:30,85 --> 00:06:35,04
and all down the length of the arena.

61
00:06:35,06 --> 00:06:40,04
Very different from the spectacular
Bessemer is a squat little electric furnace

62
00:06:40,78 --> 00:06:43,84
which makes special steels
because of its smaller capacity

63
00:06:43,84 --> 00:06:47,21
and the ease with which it can
be controlled. So accurately.

64
00:06:48,67 --> 00:06:52,70
From this process come the high grade
alloys Theo's such as stainless

65
00:06:52,70 --> 00:06:57,19
and all sorts of special
steels with special qualities.

66
00:06:58,18 --> 00:06:59,68
And then there are the open hot.

67
00:07:00,30 --> 00:07:04,83
While the roaring flame in fireworks
from Bessemer converters still provide a

68
00:07:04,83 --> 00:07:05,69
thrilling spectacle

69
00:07:05,69 --> 00:07:10,20
and capacity for producing steel in the
electric furnace has been increasing in the

70
00:07:10,20 --> 00:07:11,39
last few years.

71
00:07:11,40 --> 00:07:16,88
Ninety percent of Steel today is produced
in open hopefulness is because of the

72
00:07:16,88 --> 00:07:21,56
demand for tailor made steels in large
quantities which can be produced with this

73
00:07:21,56 --> 00:07:25,12
flexible and efficient
method. And by the way.

74
00:07:25,79 --> 00:07:30,62
There is one interesting factor in the
making of steel just as important as the

75
00:07:30,62 --> 00:07:36,65
virgin iron fresh from or smelt it
in the blast furnace. It is scrap.

76
00:07:36,67 --> 00:07:40,56
Most of the scrap metal will be found
on route to the open heart department

77
00:07:40,56 --> 00:07:45,84
remounted scrap steel constituting about
fifty percent of the total steel produce

78
00:07:45,84 --> 00:07:47,86
today.

79
00:07:47,88 --> 00:07:52,99
There is a car load of
here and there is another.

80
00:07:54,36 --> 00:07:56,48
And there is a car that may hold all

81
00:07:56,48 --> 00:07:59,93
that is left of your nine hundred
twenty nine automobile now.

82
00:08:00,00 --> 00:08:05,66
On its way to become part of a steel and a
better steel perhaps for your next car.

83
00:08:05,67 --> 00:08:10,54
In this huge structure the open hearth
floor which is typical of American steel

84
00:08:10,54 --> 00:08:15,17
mills. A long line of furnaces
hold steel in the making steel

85
00:08:15,18 --> 00:08:19,82
that will someday enter your life perhaps
carry you safely on some journey.

86
00:08:20,31 --> 00:08:24,45
Provide you with shelter create
an endless variety of comforts

87
00:08:24,45 --> 00:08:29,59
and conveniences a supply of finely ground
Dolemite has been piled because the

88
00:08:29,59 --> 00:08:30,93
furnace that is to be charged.

89
00:08:31,02 --> 00:08:34,11
It will melt like glass and fill any holes

90
00:08:34,11 --> 00:08:38,26
that may have been burned through the
lining by the previous heat forming a solid

91
00:08:38,26 --> 00:08:44,48
bottom for the fresh charge then the
charging begins from the train load of scrap

92
00:08:44,48 --> 00:08:46,02
which has been brought
close to the furnace

93
00:08:46,02 --> 00:08:49,17
and electric charging
machine lifts box after box

94
00:08:49,93 --> 00:08:52,93
and pushes its burden through
the door of the furnace.

95
00:08:52,95 --> 00:08:58,81
The operator sitting at a safe distance
spinning the RAM and dumping its load.

96
00:08:58,83 --> 00:09:03,92
There as the rumble of a giant traveling
crane overhead moving in with its burden.

97
00:09:03,94 --> 00:09:08,39
A huge ladle of molten iron from the mixer
where it has been awaiting this final

98
00:09:08,39 --> 00:09:13,39
step in the process of becoming steel.

99
00:09:14,34 --> 00:09:17,31
They are placing the chute into
position for pouring the charge

100
00:09:18,25 --> 00:09:19,55
and as the crane draws near.

101
00:09:19,61 --> 00:09:20,64
Note

102
00:09:20,64 --> 00:09:25,09
that the men actually handling the metal
are either sheltered high up on the crane

103
00:09:25,09 --> 00:09:29,65
in the cab or operate electrical
controls across the floor.

104
00:09:30,62 --> 00:09:35,57
There goes the charge fifty tons of white
hot liquid metal heated to approximately

105
00:09:36,27 --> 00:09:39,03
two thousand eight hundred
degrees Fahrenheit.

106
00:09:40,64 --> 00:09:45,57
Hazardous frightful danger
in this job. Not at all.

107
00:09:47,10 --> 00:09:51,57
Millions of dollars have been spent by
modern steel mills of America for safety

108
00:09:53,02 --> 00:09:57,41
devices are employed which not only
protect the work of promoting metals from

109
00:09:57,41 --> 00:09:59,44
metallic dust and from flying chips.

110
00:10:00,00 --> 00:10:06,65
But also from human carelessness nation
of steel production has made work

111
00:10:06,65 --> 00:10:07,94
simpler and safer.

112
00:10:07,97 --> 00:10:12,21
Men are not doing dangerous jobs
that the machine gun do more safely.

113
00:10:12,74 --> 00:10:17,02
But more man and more competent man
are required to control the machine

114
00:10:17,91 --> 00:10:21,66
and the safety achievement of the steel
industry is a high tribute to the

115
00:10:21,66 --> 00:10:24,85
intelligence of these men
who work in the mills.

116
00:10:24,87 --> 00:10:28,57
Like good cooks they must know
the temperature of the brew.

117
00:10:28,98 --> 00:10:31,62
And they measure it on
an optical parameter.

118
00:10:31,84 --> 00:10:35,48
While it boils in a white hot
pool as big as a fair sized room

119
00:10:36,67 --> 00:10:41,54
and like good cooks they even take several
samples of the brew using a long handled

120
00:10:41,54 --> 00:10:48,27
small ladle to pick up enough liquid steel
to cast a test into it congeals almost

121
00:10:48,27 --> 00:10:51,79
instantly and assume dumped
out and handled quite readily

122
00:10:51,79 --> 00:10:55,97
when it is cooled it will go to the
metallurgical laboratory for a thorough

123
00:10:55,97 --> 00:10:56,84
but quick examination.

124
00:10:57,32 --> 00:11:02,26
They fall the metal from which it was
taken is drawn off to be made into steel.

125
00:11:02,27 --> 00:11:07,53
Thousands of different kinds of steels
are made like this every day eight steel

126
00:11:07,53 --> 00:11:11,78
strange as it may seem a
custom built product.

127
00:11:11,80 --> 00:11:16,51
Each different steels the filling of a
prescription to bear certain stew be of a

128
00:11:16,51 --> 00:11:23,31
certain hardness to be soft flexible
dough bride to be tailor made for each

129
00:11:23,31 --> 00:11:28,01
one of thousands of uses now
they are ready to tap a big one

130
00:11:28,01 --> 00:11:32,31
and they must reach across to the opposite
side of the furnace to break through the

131
00:11:32,31 --> 00:11:34,19
clay plug tapping hole from the inside

132
00:11:35,58 --> 00:11:39,87
but the place to see the spectacular part
of the operation is on the other side of

133
00:11:39,87 --> 00:11:40,27
the open.

134
00:11:40,27 --> 00:11:45,30
How often this is where an asbestos called
worker burns through the exterior of the

135
00:11:45,30 --> 00:11:49,19
clay plug tap hole with an oxygen top.

136
00:11:49,21 --> 00:11:52,09
A few more ramming blows
with a long tapping iron

137
00:11:52,97 --> 00:11:58,68
and there she floats two hundred tons of
steel produced according to specifications

138
00:11:59,57 --> 00:12:01,42
for one. Of an infinite variety of uses.

139
00:12:02,92 --> 00:12:07,17
Just the proper percentages of carbon
another elements are retained in every heat

140
00:12:07,17 --> 00:12:08,44
of steel so

141
00:12:08,44 --> 00:12:13,53
that it will possess the exact characteristics
needed a man on the platform will

142
00:12:13,53 --> 00:12:18,30
shovel in the correct amount of Spiegel
Perelman going to ease their own silicon on

143
00:12:18,30 --> 00:12:22,83
all whatever agent the metallurgical
laboratory has prescribed for this particular

144
00:12:22,83 --> 00:12:27,31
heat of metal. Higher and higher
at mounts in the great ladle.

145
00:12:27,70 --> 00:12:33,12
Until the slag the undesirable portion of
the charge rises to the top like froth

146
00:12:33,12 --> 00:12:40,33
and overflows to find a future usefulness
as a byproduct Another lines of business.

147
00:12:40,34 --> 00:12:44,92
The electric crane moves into a line to
carry the ladle to the pouring platform

148
00:12:44,92 --> 00:12:49,35
where a train of cars bearing
the in got moles is waiting.

149
00:12:50,06 --> 00:12:54,08
When this molten metal has been poured
into molds the basic business of making

150
00:12:54,08 --> 00:12:55,09
steel isn't

151
00:12:55,09 --> 00:13:00,22
that there after it is only a matter of
fashioning from the in gets the form of

152
00:13:00,22 --> 00:13:02,15
product desired.

153
00:13:02,88 --> 00:13:03,92
The steel man says

154
00:13:03,92 --> 00:13:08,36
that this fiery liquid freezes a
mediately in the mold he means

155
00:13:08,36 --> 00:13:12,50
that it congeals when its temperature
over is down a thousand degrees or so

156
00:13:13,33 --> 00:13:16,89
and within an hour is frozen to
hard on the outside for rolling.

157
00:13:17,50 --> 00:13:21,54
Thus it is not of a uniform consistency.

158
00:13:21,56 --> 00:13:23,53
So after the malls are stripped from the

159
00:13:23,53 --> 00:13:26,48
and gets weighing from five
to fifteen tons of piece.

160
00:13:27,03 --> 00:13:31,82
The huge castings are hauled away to a
friend is called a soaking pit in which they

161
00:13:31,82 --> 00:13:34,60
are heated until of the
same temperature throughout

162
00:13:35,30 --> 00:13:37,57
and which holds them at
exactly the right heat.

163
00:13:38,04 --> 00:13:42,74
They and will of the modern
blacksmith the rolling mail.

164
00:13:44,17 --> 00:13:48,97
Now the steel is fairly on its way to you
because in this one chunk of white hot

165
00:13:48,97 --> 00:13:54,73
metal there may be thousands of cans kitchen
utensils all perhaps the materials for

166
00:13:54,73 --> 00:13:59,55
automobile bodies refrigerators and
innumerable things in everyday use.

167
00:14:00,82 --> 00:14:06,10
And these are universal use of steel is
possible they cause it's cost is only two

168
00:14:06,10 --> 00:14:11,08
or three cents a pound the
lowest of any important metal.

169
00:14:11,09 --> 00:14:16,81
The wide strip continuous Mayo made it
possible to provide cheap steel wide enough

170
00:14:16,81 --> 00:14:18,90
for the all steel automobile body

171
00:14:18,90 --> 00:14:23,26
and the one piece steel top
on the models of today.

172
00:14:23,28 --> 00:14:27,98
It is one of the many great advances in
the art of steel making which has brought

173
00:14:27,98 --> 00:14:32,58
the saving to the consuming public in the
form of lower prices for better steel

174
00:14:32,58 --> 00:14:38,05
amounting to nearly three hundred million
dollars a year compared with cost of ten

175
00:14:38,05 --> 00:14:44,21
years ago automobile users alone are leaving
seventy five million dollars a year.

176
00:14:45,43 --> 00:14:48,50
But in spite of many more
men are needed in the mills

177
00:14:48,50 --> 00:14:53,80
and employment is now at the highest
level in the industries history.

178
00:14:53,82 --> 00:14:55,43
There goes that in get us all.

179
00:14:55,69 --> 00:15:02,42
Now a hot flat flattened an elongated
on its way to further reduction.

180
00:15:02,44 --> 00:15:10,97
Now reduced by further rolling
to the size of armor plate.

181
00:15:11,98 --> 00:15:14,92
And now becoming a huge
strip several feet wide

182
00:15:14,92 --> 00:15:19,81
and less than a quarter of an inch thick
it moves to the table of where it will

183
00:15:19,81 --> 00:15:21,78
await its turn in the coiling machine.

184
00:15:24,79 --> 00:15:30,12
Coil hot it is subsequently cold rolled
flat after passing through an acid

185
00:15:30,12 --> 00:15:34,74
cleansing bath two processes which
vastly improve the smoothness

186
00:15:34,74 --> 00:15:36,01
and polish of the surface.

187
00:15:36,31 --> 00:15:40,61
Before it is cut into the lengths prescribed
by the factory to which it is to be

188
00:15:40,61 --> 00:15:41,97
delivered.

189
00:15:44,79 --> 00:15:48,03
In general only the rarer
metals such as gold

190
00:15:48,03 --> 00:15:51,86
or platinum have ever offered much
resistance to corrosive attack.

191
00:15:52,43 --> 00:15:57,41
Until the steel industry developed
stainless steel which have made this metal

192
00:15:57,41 --> 00:15:59,49
practical for and then
with a variety of uses.

193
00:16:00,00 --> 00:16:06,11
Wherein it combines beauty with
resistance to rust and corrosion look at

194
00:16:06,11 --> 00:16:09,44
that polish a permanent
mirror like surface.

195
00:16:09,82 --> 00:16:16,76
Perhaps destined for some swanky cocktail
bar or the kitchen of a modern home.

196
00:16:16,78 --> 00:16:21,90
Here is an operation which constitutes
in itself a critical test of steel the

197
00:16:21,91 --> 00:16:25,19
piercing of a solid billet
to form a seamless to

198
00:16:31,17 --> 00:16:32,98
and here is another interesting operation.

199
00:16:33,16 --> 00:16:39,93
Also a critical test of steel the making
of a car wheel the wheel must retain

200
00:16:39,93 --> 00:16:43,56
its specification factors of
strength and ability to take it

201
00:16:43,56 --> 00:16:50,31
when subsequently it will
be pounding over the rails.

202
00:16:51,24 --> 00:16:53,10
On another mill A begin

203
00:16:53,10 --> 00:16:58,47
that begins to take form with the first
rough rolling becoming elongated at passes

204
00:16:58,47 --> 00:16:59,13
through another row

205
00:16:59,91 --> 00:17:03,88
and then assuming a familiar shape
as we see the outline of an H.

206
00:17:03,88 --> 00:17:10,21
Column destined for some skyscraper.
Or perhaps a great steel bridge.

207
00:17:11,55 --> 00:17:13,83
The operators of the
Mayo up there above it

208
00:17:13,83 --> 00:17:19,83
and completely shut off from the heat of
that white hot steel turn it spin around.

209
00:17:19,85 --> 00:17:22,25
Roll it by pressing buttons
or throwing levers

210
00:17:22,25 --> 00:17:27,67
and finally deliver it at the far end of
the mails are completely finished job

211
00:17:29,79 --> 00:17:35,27
steals passed through various mill processes
all combinations of processes in order

212
00:17:35,27 --> 00:17:41,00
to make them suited to a live variety of
uses in any giant ladle of molten metal

213
00:17:41,88 --> 00:17:44,51
there may be steel that is
destined to defeat time

214
00:17:44,51 --> 00:17:47,82
and distance to provide the
framework of mighty buildings

215
00:17:47,82 --> 00:17:52,04
and to render into the data life of
every citizen in thousands of things

216
00:17:52,04 --> 00:17:53,38
that provide comfort

217
00:17:53,38 --> 00:17:59,85
and convenience with a company
called for steel from every section.

218
00:18:00,00 --> 00:18:05,13
America is a demand for the basic
material without which life

219
00:18:05,13 --> 00:18:10,00
and living standards as we know
them today would be impossible.

220
00:18:10,78 --> 00:18:11,98
Deal has kept pace with

221
00:18:11,98 --> 00:18:15,70
and anticipated the increasing
needs of the nation

222
00:18:20,40 --> 00:18:26,64
and feels provide a nation with its
compass its luxuries and its progress.